A Beginner’s Guide to Well Pressure Tanks

When your home relies on a well for water, a well pressure tank is essential to maintaining a consistent water supply and protecting your pump from overuse. Whether you're new to well systems or looking to upgrade your existing setup, understanding how well pressure tanks work is key to ensuring your water flows smoothly and efficiently. 

In this guide, our water well installation experts will walk you through the basics of well pressure tanks, explain common issues, and provide insights into choosing the right system for your needs. A&T Well and Pump, with years of expertise in Raleigh, NC, is here to help you every step of the way.

How Do Well Pressure Tanks Work?

A well pressure tank is essential for maintaining steady water pressure in your home and preventing your well pump from running continuously. Here’s a breakdown of how the system operates. 

The Role of the Pressure Tank

The pressure tank stores water from your well and regulates the pressure before it reaches your faucets. It consists of two chambers—one filled with water and the other with compressed air, separated by a diaphragm or bladder. As water enters the tank, the compressed air creates pressure on the water, which is then delivered to your home at a consistent rate.

How the Pressure Switch Controls the System

The pressure tank is equipped with a pressure switch that monitors the water pressure levels in your system. When the pressure inside the tank reaches a predetermined level (usually between 40 and 60 psi), the switch signals the well pump to stop pumping water. As you use water and the pressure drops, the switch activates the pump to refill the tank, ensuring you have a continuous supply of water.

Types of Well Pressure Tanks

Choosing the right type of well pressure tank for your system is essential to ensure efficient operation and long-lasting performance. There are three main types of well pressure tanks, each with its own unique design and benefits.

Diaphragm Pressure Tanks

These tanks use a flexible diaphragm to separate water and air, preventing waterlogging and offering low maintenance. They're known for durability and reliable performance.

Bladder Pressure Tanks

Featuring a replaceable bladder that keeps water and air separate, bladder tanks eliminate waterlogging and are ideal for moderate to high water usage. The replaceable bladder makes them cost-effective.

Air-over-Water Pressure Tanks

The oldest design, with air and water stored together in a single chamber. They require more maintenance due to waterlogging but are simple and have a lower initial cost.

Sizing Well Pressure Tanks

Choosing the right size for your well pressure tank is crucial for maintaining consistent water pressure and extending the life of your well pump. An undersized tank can cause frequent pump cycling, leading to premature wear, while an oversized tank may take up unnecessary space without providing additional benefits. 

Several factors influence the size of the pressure tank you’ll need, including:

• Household Size: The more people in your household, the more water you’re likely to use. Larger families generally require bigger pressure tanks to meet demand.
• Water Usage: Homes with high water usage—such as those with multiple bathrooms, irrigation systems, or water-heavy appliances—need larger tanks to maintain steady water pressure.
• Pump Flow Rate: Your well pump’s flow rate, typically measured in gallons per minute (GPM), will help determine the appropriate tank size. A general rule is to select a tank that can handle one gallon for every GPM the pump produces.

How A&T Well and Pump Helps

At A&T Well and Pump, we take the guesswork out of sizing your pressure tank. Our team assesses your household size, water usage, and well pump capacity to recommend the perfect tank size for your needs. With the right tank in place, you’ll enjoy steady water pressure and a more efficient system overall.

Common Problems with Well Pressure Tanks

Well pressure tanks are essential for maintaining a consistent water supply, but like any mechanical system, they can encounter issues over time. Being aware of common problems can help you troubleshoot effectively and know when it’s time to call for professional maintenance or well repairs.

Some issues to look for include: 

• Waterlogging: Occurs when water and air mix inside the tank, causing the well pump to overwork and leading to inconsistent water pressure and frequent pump cycling.
• Pressure Switch Malfunctions: A faulty pressure switch can disrupt the pump’s ability to turn on or off, resulting in no water pressure or continuous cycling.
• Air Leaks or Valve Issues: Leaks in the air valve or bladder can reduce pressure, causing inconsistent water flow and forcing the pump to work harder.
• Corrosion and Rust: Over time, corrosion can weaken the tank, causing leaks and reducing its lifespan. Regular inspections help prevent rust-related issues.
• Improper Tank Sizing: A tank that’s too small or too large can cause frequent cycling or inefficient performance, impacting water pressure and pump wear.

What to Do if You Experience Pressure Tank Issues

If you’re facing well pressure tank issues, A&T Well and Pump can provide expert solutions. From diagnosing waterlogging and pressure switch malfunctions to fixing air leaks or corrosion, we ensure quick and efficient repairs. Our team also helps with water tank and well pump replacements. 

Maintenance Tips for Well Pressure Tanks

Proper maintenance of well pressure tanks is crucial to ensure a steady water supply, extend the lifespan of your well pump, and avoid costly repairs. Here are some essential maintenance tips to keep your well pressure tank running smoothly.

Regularly Check Tank Pressure

It’s important to periodically check the pressure in your well pressure tank to ensure it remains at optimal levels. The correct pressure should typically be 2 PSI below the pressure switch cut-on setting. If the pressure is too high or too low, your pump may not operate efficiently. You can use a pressure gauge to test this and adjust as necessary.

Inspect for Leaks

Regularly inspect the tank and surrounding components for any signs of leaks. Leaks in the tank or connections can cause pressure loss and force the pump to run more frequently. If you notice water pooling around the tank or dripping from connections, it’s best to contact a professional for repairs.

Monitor for Short Cycling

If your pump is turning on and off more frequently than usual, this is a sign of short cycling, often caused by a waterlogged tank or pressure switch issues. Short cycling puts unnecessary strain on your pump, leading to faster wear and higher energy costs. Be sure to address short cycling promptly by checking the pressure switch and air levels or calling in a professional for an assessment.

Test the Air Charge

Testing the air charge in well pressure tanks ensures that it is properly balanced to maintain water pressure. To do this, first, turn off the pump and drain the tank. Then, use an air pressure gauge to measure the air charge in the tank. If the air pressure is below the recommended level, use an air compressor to add air until it reaches the correct pressure.

Schedule Annual Professional Inspections

While homeowners can perform some basic maintenance, scheduling an annual well inspection by a professional is the best way to ensure your well pressure tank operates at peak performance. A professional will thoroughly inspect the tank, pressure switch, valves, and pump to catch any potential issues before they become major problems. Regular maintenance can also help extend the lifespan of well pressure tanks. 

Replacing Your Water Pressure Tank with Our Experts

When it’s time to replace your water pressure tank, trust the experts at A&T Well and Pump for a seamless and hassle-free experience. 

We assess your system’s needs and recommend the right tank size and type to ensure consistent water pressure and long-term reliability. Our skilled technicians handle the entire replacement process, from removing the old tank to installing and testing the new one. With our expertise, you can be confident that your entire water well system will function efficiently, providing you with dependable water service for years to come.

Contact Our Water Pressure Tank Installation and Repair Team in Raleigh Today

Don’t let issues with well pressure tanks disrupt your water supply. Whether you need a new installation, repair, or replacement, A&T Well and Pump is here to help. Our experienced team of Raleigh well experts provide reliable, efficient services to ensure your well system and pressure tank run smoothly. 

Contact us today to schedule a video well inspection or consultation today to keep your water pressure steady and your pump working efficiently.